Ficus are notorious for having roots that lift sidewalks, patios, fence foundations and pool decking and I agree that the litter from bamboo could be an issue. As Pagancat mentioned, I'd look for desert-adapted screening plants. Here are some to consider.
Leather-leaf acacia (Acacia craspedocarpa) - grows to about 10 feet tall with rounded gray-green leaves. Yellow puff-ball flowers in spring. Low litter.
Hop Bush (Dodonea viscosa) - grows about 10 feet tall with bright green leaves. Has very tiny flowers. Low litter.
Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata) - will reach 10 feet and has dark green leaves. Small cream colored flowers. Low litter.
Arizona Rosewood (Vauquelinia californica) - reaches 10 feet or more wiht narrow dark green leaves. Clusters of white flowers in early summer. Can be mistaken for oleander at a distance.
Here is a link to a publication on plants that are suitable near pools along with some great tips for landscaping in these areas.
Here is a link that might be useful: Plants for Poolside Landscapes
